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1.
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1255156

ABSTRACT

The gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 is the reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, which searches for SARS­CoV-2 target genes in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) samples, and its performance depends on the quantity and quality of the RNA input. This study compared the performance and cost-effectiveness of three different kits/reagents for RNA extraction used in COVID-19 diagnosis in Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 300 NP/OP samples belonging to suspected cases of COVID-19 stored in a biorepository were randomly selected, and RNA was extracted using (i) automated extraction (Loccus, Extracta Kit FAST), (ii) manual extraction (BioGene Kit, Bioclin, Quibasa), and (iii) quick extraction methods (Lucigen, Quick DNA Extract Kit). Next, the samples were tested using RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 with the Allplex 2019-nCoV modified assay and the Charité-Berlin protocol. All assays/kits were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. For the Allplex kit, the sensitivity in detecting SARS-CoV-2 with previously extracted RNA by different procedures was 100.0% for Loccus, 100.0% for BioGene and 91.9% for Quick. Using the Charité-Berlin protocol, the sensitivities were 81.4% for Loccus, 81.2% for BioGene and 60.7% for Quick. The least sensitive target gene and the gene most affected by RNA extraction procedures was the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene (Charité-Berlin protocol). No false-positive SARS-CoV-2 results were detected using RNA obtained from any of the different protocols. In conclusion, Loccus and BioGene RNA extractions were efficient for RT-qPCR assays, and although the BioGene procedure is less expensive, Loccus is the best choice because it allows the rapid handling of hundreds or thousands of samples, a desirable feature during pandemics. Although less sensitive, the Quick extraction is useful during outbreaks coupled with the Allplex amplification kit for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis (κ = 0.925).


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Costs and Cost Analysis , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Indicators and Reagents
2.
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1425761

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic remains a threat to public health. We report 2 cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection in the same healthcare professional in Brazil. Genomic analysis identified that primoinfection was caused by the endemic lineage B.1.1.33 while reinfection by the lineage B.1.1.44, a lineage with an additional V1176F mutation in S protein.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 62: e30, 2020. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-1363953

ABSTRACT

We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil. (AU)


Subject(s)
Brazil , Public Health Surveillance , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , COVID-19/transmission
4.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 49(spe): 87-92, fev. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-770107

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a citotoxicidade de produtos submetidos à contaminação desafio, limpeza baseada em procedimento operacional padrão (POP) validado e enxágue final em diferentes tipos de água: de torneira, deionizada, destilada, tratada por osmose reversa e ultrapurificada. Método Estudo experimental e laboratorial. Foram utilizadas como amostras 130 cânulas de hidrodissecção, 26 por grupo experimental, caracterizados, de acordo com a água utilizada no último enxágue. As amostras foram submetidas à contaminação desafio interna e externamente por uma solução contendo 20% sangue de carneiro desfibrinado e 80% de Cloreto de Sódio a 0,9%. Em seguida, tiveram o lúmen preenchido por solução viscoelástica, permanecendo em contato com o contaminante por 50 minutos, sendo então, processadas, de acordo com um POP validado. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pela captura do corante vital vermelho neutro. Resultados Ausência de citotoxicidade nos extratos das amostras. Conclusão As amostras não demonstraram citotoxicidade, independentemente da qualidade de água utilizada no último enxágue. Os resultados apresentados puderam ser alcançados unicamente por meio do uso de um procedimento operacional padrão de limpeza validado, baseado em literatura científica, em recomendações oficiais e na legislação relacionada.


RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la citotoxicidad de productos sometidos a contaminación desafío, limpieza siguiendo procedimiento validado y enjuague en diferentes tipos de agua: de caño, desionizada, destilada, tratada por ósmosis inversa y ultrapurificada. Método fueron utilizados 130 canulas de hidrosección, 26 por grupo experimental, caracterizadas por el tipo agua utilizada en el último enjuague. La muestras fueron contaminadas interna y externamente por una solución con 20% sangre de carnero desfibrinado y 80% de Cloruro de Sodio a 0,9%. Luego el lumen fue cubierto por la solución viscoelastica, permaneciendo en contacto con el contaminante 50 minutos y posteriormente procesados, siguiendo orientaciones del procedimiento padrón validado. El ensayo de citotoxicidad se realizó mediante la incorporación del colorante vital rojo neutro. Resultados ausencia de toxicidad en extractos de las muestras. Conclusión no hubo toxicidad en las muestras, independiente del agua utilizada en el último enjuague. Los resultados fueron alcanzados gracias al uso del procedimiento operacional padrón de limpieza validado, embasado en literatura científica, recomendaciones oficiales y en legislación relacionada.


ABSTRACT Objective To assess the cytotoxicity of products subsequent to a cleaning process based on a validated standard operating procedure (SOP), and a final rinse with different types of water: tap, deionized, distilled, treated by reverse osmosis and ultra-purified. Method This was an experimental and laboratory study. The sample consisted of 130 hydrodissection cannulas, 26 per experimental group, characterized according to type of water used in the final rinse. The samples were submitted to internal and external contamination challenge with a solution containing 20% defibrinated sheep blood and 80% of sodium chloride 0.9%. Next, the lumens were filled with a ophthalmic viscosurgical device, remaining exposed for 50 minutes, and then were processed according to the validated SOP. Cytotoxicity was assessed using neutral red uptake assay. Results No cytoxicity was detected in the sample extracts. Conclusion The samples did not display signs of cytotoxicity, regardless of final rinse quality. The results obtained were reached by using only a validated cleaning operating procedure, based on the scientific literature, and on official recommendations and related regulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Costs and Cost Analysis , Drug Industry/economics , Immunologic Factors/economics , Immunosuppressive Agents/economics , Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy , Multiple Sclerosis/economics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/economics
5.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 47(2): 494-499, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-675983

ABSTRACT

Materiais esterilizados em raios gama, ao serem re-esterilizados em óxido de etileno (EO), formam substâncias tóxicas? Esta questão norteou o objetivo deste estudo, que foi investigar o potencial efeito citotóxico do PVC esterilizado em radiação gama e re-esterilizado em EO pelo método da difusão em ágar em culturas celulares. Nove tubos de PVC foram submetidos à esterilização em radiação gama e re-esterilizados em EO. Os tubos foram divididos em um total de 81 unidades de análise, que foram testadas de forma a representar as superfícies internas, externas e massa de cada tubo. Concluiu-se que os materiais de PVC esterilizados em Radiação Gama e consecutivamente re-esterilizados em EO não são citotóxicos.


Do materials sterilized using gamma rays become toxic when re-sterilized in ethylene oxide? This question guided the objective of this study, which was to investigate the potential cytotoxic effect of PVC sterilized by gamma radiation and re-sterilized with EO by the agar diffusion method in cell cultures. Nine PVC tubes were subjected to gamma radiation sterilization and were re-sterilized in EO. The tubes were divided into a total of 81 units of analysis that were tested so as to represent the internal and external surfaces and mass of each tube. It was concluded that the PVC materials sterilized in gamma radiation and re-sterilized in EO are not cytotoxic.


Los materiales esterilizados con rayos gama, al ser re-esterilizados en óxido de etileno (EO), ¿forman substancias tóxicas? Esta pregunta orientó el objetivo del presente estudio, que fue investigar el potencial efecto citotóxico del PVC esterilizado en radiación gamma y re-esterilizado en EO por el método de difusión en agar en cultivos celulares. Nueve tubos de PVC fueron sometidos a esterilización por radiación gamma y re-esterilizados en EO. Se les aplicaron en total 81 unidades de análisis, las cuales fueron testeadas de manera tal de representar las superficies internas, externas y la masa de cada tubo. Se concluyó en que los materiales de PVC esterilizados con Radiación Gamma y, posteriormente, con EO, no son citotóxicos.


Subject(s)
Cytotoxins/toxicity , Disinfectants/adverse effects , Ethylene Oxide/adverse effects , Gamma Rays , Polyvinyl Chloride/radiation effects , Polyvinyl Chloride/toxicity , Sterilization/methods , Cells, Cultured
6.
Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery ; 39: 937-941, 2013. ilus
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: biblio-1017138

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of reusable cannulas for ophthalmic surgery after the cannulas were filled with an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) and cleaned with an enzymatic detergent. SETTING: Microbiological Testing Laboratory, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, University of S~ao Paulo School of Nursing, and Cell Culture Section, Adolfo Lutz Institute, S~ao Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: The sample consisted of 30 reusable 25-gauge injection cannulas, 20.0 mm in length, whose lumens were filled with an OVD solution for 50 minutes. The following steps were used to process the cannulas: (1) presoaking, (2) washing the lumen using a high-pressure water jet, (3) backwashing with enzymatic detergent in ultrasonic cleaner, (4) preliminary rinsing with tap water, (5) final rinsing with sterile distilled water, (6) drying with compressed filtered air, (7) wrapping in surgical-grade paper, and (8) steam sterilization at 134C for 4 minutes. The cannulas were then tested for cytotoxicity according to the United States Pharmacopeia 32. RESULTS: The cleaning protocol used in this study removed residues of OVD solution and enzymatic detergent as shown by the lack of cytotoxicity of all sample extracts. CONCLUSION: This cleaning protocol has the potential to minimize the occurrence of toxic anterior segment syndrome associated with residues of OVD solutions and enzymatic detergents. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.


Subject(s)
General Surgery , Water , Sterilization , Household Work
7.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 70(1): 77-80, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-616832

ABSTRACT

A comprovação da espécie de origem é um dos itens da certificação de linhagens celulares, que pode ser feita por meio de técnica de eletroforese de isoenzimas. Com o objetivo de padronizar essa técnica, o grupo de estudo do Núcleo de Cultura de Células do IAL utilizou extratos celulares de diferentes espécies animais, que foram submetidos à eletroforese horizontal ou vertical em géis de poliacrilamida ou agarose, 100 V e4 oC. A revelação das bandas para a enzima glicose 6-fosfato desidrogenase foi realizada com o auxílio de sais de tetrazólio. Observou-se a presença de uma única banda para cada linhagem celular testada, com os padrões de migração esperados para as diferentes espécies utilizadas, com exceção da linhagem bovina MDBK, que não apresentou uma das bandas, provavelmente em função de menor expressão dessa enzima. Após a avaliação dos resultados obtidos com os diferentes sistemas de eletroforese e géis testados, optou-se pelo uso de eletroforese horizontal em géis de agarose a 2. A padronização e a implantação dessa técnica permitirão que o laboratório forneça linhagens celulares com o devido controle de qualidade.


Subject(s)
Electrophoresis , Isoenzymes , Cell Line , Sepharose
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